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惠(hui)斯通(tong)電橋測電阻
電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)是(shi)用比較(jiao)法測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)物(wu)理量(liang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)學基本測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)的種類很(hen)多，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中等阻(zu)(zu)值（10～106歐姆）的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)要用惠斯(si)登(deng)單(dan)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)進行測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)；若要測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)更大阻(zu)(zu)值的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，一般采用高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)或(huo)兆歐表；而要測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)阻(zu)(zu)值較(jiao)小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，一般采用雙臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)（開爾(er)文電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)）。電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)準確度高(gao)、穩定性好，所以(yi)被廣泛用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)、自動(dong)調節(jie)和自動(dong)控制中。惠斯(si)登(deng)單(dan)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)是(shi)最基本的直流單(dan)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)。
凱爾文電橋(qiao)又稱“雙臂電橋(qiao)"。測(ce)量10^(-6)~10^2歐姆低電阻的直流電橋。圖中R是跨線(xian)(xian)電阻(zu)(包括(kuo)Rx、Rs兩電阻(zu)器間的(de)接線(xian)(xian)電阻(zu)、接觸電阻及內部連接線電阻(zu))，Rs是(shi)標準電阻。當調節R1、R2、R3、R4和Rs使橋路(lu)中無(wu)電流(即靈敏電流計G的指(zhi)針不偏轉)時(shi)，將(jiang)有下列平衡條件(jian)成立：R1R2=R3R4和(he)Rx=R1R2Rs。Rx的計算式與R無關，從而可(ke)減小接線電(dian)阻(zu)和(he)接觸電(dian)阻(zu)所產(chan)生的誤差。
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